Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark (FBL) is published by IMR Press from Volume 26 Issue 5 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.
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The mouse secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA (sPLA2-IIA) gene Pla2g2a has been identified as a susceptibility gene for cancer of the small and large intestine. Interestingly, unlike most previously identified tumor susceptibility genes, Pla2g2a does not behave like a classical oncogene or tumor suppressor gene. Hence, identification of its biological functions in tumor development may shed new light on general mechanisms that modulate colon cancer risk. So far, sPLA2-IIA has been proposed to play a role in anti-bacterial defense, inflammation and eicosanoid generation, in clearance of apoptotic cells, and in the Wnt signaling pathway. More recently, comparison of RNA expression profiles of colon from Pla2g2a-transgenic to Pla2g2a-deficient mice confirmed and even extended sPLA2-IIA's diverse biological effects. In this review we aim to summarize current knowledge about the various links of sPLA2-IIA to cancer of the gastro-intestinal tract, and propose several models to illustrate its putative biological effects on tumor development.