Original Article: The journal considers all original articles provided that the work reports scientifically sound experiments and provides a substantial amount of new information. Original Article submissions include a full Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion and Conclusions sections. Complete research findings where aims/hypotheses are fully addressed. Authors should not unnecessarily divide their work into several related manuscripts. Original research is encouraged to follow these guidelines:

Randomised trials: CONSORT
Observational studies: STROBE
Qualitative research: SRQR
Diagnostic/prognostic studies: STARD
Animal pre-clinical studies: ARRIVE
Study protocols: SPIRIT
Clinical practice guidelines: AGREE
Abstract: Structured
Word limit: Maximum of 6000 words recommended (excluding references)
Figures and tables: No more than 9
References: Should not exceed 50

Review: This is a comprehensive overview of a specific hot topic aligned with addressing the aims and hypothesis through the current literature. They are often written by leaders in a particular discipline. Reviews are often widely read (for example, by researchers looking for a full introduction to a field) and highly cited.

Abstract: Flexible format
Word limit: Maximum of 8000 words recommended
Figures and tables: Specified as needed
References: Should not exceed 80

Short Report: Original studies and/or clinical studies that do not require a full paper, but are completed studies, may be submitted as Short Reports. These papers may detail a smaller number of observations or may include a smaller number of patients. They may also add a small amount of new information but which is still considered important.

Abstract: Structured
Word limit: Should not exceed 2500 words (excluding references)
Figures and tables: Maximum of 5

Editorial: Editorials are typically commissioned articles curated by the journal's editorial board. They may include opinion pieces (intended to refine or complement the conclusions of one or more scientific articles), reflective essays (sharing personal insights or expertise on a topic of interest), or informative/analytical reviews (providing an in-depth overview of a specific theme while offering original conclusions), among other formats. They should be brief and focused. Editorials may have a maximum of 3 authors. The body of the Editorial can be continuous text or divided into subsections. Editorials on topics of current interest are welcome.

Abstract: Not required
Word limit: Should not exceed 1000 words
Figures and tables: Maximum of 1

Letter to the Editor: Letter to the Editor should address issues of interest to the journal's readers and must relate directly to the original article published in RN. They should not duplicate content that has been published or submitted elsewhere and must not include unpublished data. Letters that do not meet these criteria are generally not considered. Additionally, the journal does not accept Letters to the Editor on articles published in other journals. Authors of the original article may provide a reply, and the journal will publish the letter and the reply together whenever possible.

Abstract: Not required
Keywords: Not required
Word limit: Should not exceed 1000 words
References: Should not exceed 10

Case Report: Case Report is typically a detailed and focused account of a specific clinical case or a small subset of cases. These articles are usually written to share unique, interesting, or rare clinical experiences that contribute to the medical literature. The main purpose is to provide valuable insights, raise awareness, and contribute to the collective knowledge of the medical community.

Abstract: Not required
Keywords: Not required
Word limit: Should not exceed 1500 words
Figures and tables: Maximum of 5
References: Should not exceed 10

Neuroimaging: Neuroimagings provide detailed descriptions and analyses of imaging data, offering insightful commentary on images with significant clinical relevance.

Abstract: Not required
Keywords: Not required
Word limit: Should not exceed 500 words
Figures: Maximum of 2
References: Should not exceed 5

For other article types (such as Guideline, Conference Communications, Consensus Document, History and Humanities, Obituary, et al.), please contact the Editorial Office (RN@imrpress.com).

1.2 Accepted File Formats

Authors may use the Microsoft Word template available on our website to prepare their manuscript. If this requirement presents a problem, please contact the Editorial Office (RN@imrpress.com). Accepted file formats are:

Microsoft Word: Manuscripts must be converted into a single file before submission. When preparing manuscripts in Microsoft Word, please ensure the use of the RN Microsoft Word template in the following format: Manuscript Template.

LaTeX: Manuscripts prepared in LaTeX must be collated into one ZIP folder (including all source files and images, so that the Editorial Office can recompile the submitted PDF).

Figures: Please save and submit figures as jpg. or tif. files (see below Link to 3.4.5 for further details).

Videos: The videos should be submitted separately as individual files (see below Link to 3.4.6 for further details).

Supplementary Materials: These materials may be in any format, but it is recommended that authors use common, non-proprietary formats where possible (see below Link to 4 for further details).

2. Publication Language

This journal is published in Spanish and in English language. Manuscripts can be sent in both languages. English titles, abstracts, and keywords are mandatory for all articles.

Authors may request translation services for their articles from the Revista de Neurología by requesting a formal quote via email at RN@imrpress.com.

3. Manuscript Preparation

3.1 The First Page – Title Page

Title. Should contain a concise but informative title, typically not exceeding 110 characters. The use of abbreviations should be avoided. A running title not exceeding 60 letters and spaces should be included.

Author information. The authors' names should be listed below the title, with the first or middle name of each author spelled out in full. Following the names, provide the address of the laboratory (or laboratories) where the work was carried out, either in the language of the country or in English. Affiliations should follow the PubMed/MEDLINE standard format, including complete address information such as city, zip code, state/province, and country. If the work was conducted in multiple laboratories, authors' names should be followed by superscript numbers, which correspond to the names of the respective laboratories. Equal contributions can be indicated by a dagger symbol (†). Designate at least one author as the corresponding author and provide their full postal address and other relevant details. RN encourages the listing of authors’ Open Researcher and Contributor Identification (ORCID) and keep their Contributor Identification information updated, ensuring that their identity is uniquely linked to their research work.

Please note that the corresponding author should respond promptly to the editor's inquiries and any feedback during the submission and peer review process. They must also cooperate with the journal's requirements to provide any necessary data or other relevant information to prevent issues after the paper is published.

Since February 2025, the journal has not encouraged the listing of more than two co-first authors or co-corresponding authors. If there is a special reason to list more than two corresponding authors, please submit a cover letter providing a reasonable justification.

Availability of data and materials. This section is strongly encouraged that all datasets on which the conclusions of a manuscript depend should be available to readers, unless they are already provided as part of the submitted article. Authors who do not wish to share their data must state this fact, and also provide an explanation as to why the data are unavailable. More information about Availability of Data and Materials Policy.

Author contributions. The individual contributions of authors to the manuscript should be specified, and initials should be used to refer to each author’s contribution, RN encourages the use of the roles defined in the Contributor Roles Taxonomy from CRediT (CRediT in no way changes the journal’s criteria to qualify for authorship). See more details about the criteria to qualify for authorship.

Ethics approval and consent to participate. In this section, please add the Institutional Review Board Statement and approval number for studies involving humans or animals. Please note that the Editorial Office might ask you for further information.

Acknowledgment. In this section you can acknowledge any support given which is not covered by the author contribution or funding sections. This may include administrative and technical support, or donations in kind (e.g., materials used for experiments).

Funding. List funding sources. As this section contains important information and many funding bodies require inclusion of grant numbers here, please check carefully that manuscript details are accurate and use standard spelling of funding agency names at https://search.crossref.org/funding, as errors may affect your future funding.

Conflicts of interest. All authors should disclose in their paper any financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that might be construed to influence the results or their interpretation in the paper. In particular, any sources of financial support must be disclosed and reported in the appropriate section of the published version. This section is required for all manuscripts. If there are no interests to declare, please use the following wording: “The authors declare there are no conflicts of interest” or “The author declares there are no conflicts of interest”. The text in this section should match the text provided in the Declaration of Interests form in the publishing agreement. In addition, the ICMJE has also developed a uniform Disclosure Form (www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf) that RN has adopted. See more about the Conflict of Interest policies.

Declaration of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process. In accordance with COPE’s stated position on AI tools and ICMJE‘s authorship criteria, artificial intelligence chatbots, such as ChatGPT and similar AI tools based on large language models (LLMs), cannot be listed as an author of a paper. If the author(s) have used AI tools in drafting of the manuscript, production of images or graphical elements of the paper, or in the collection and analysis of data, the authors must be transparent concerning the use of AI tools. Furthermore, AI tool use must be disclosed in this section. Authors are fully responsible for the content of their manuscript, even those portions produced by an AI tool, and are thus liable for any breach of publication ethics. Final decisions concerning whether the use of an AI tool is appropriate, or permissible, in a submitted manuscript lies with the journals’ editors. Specifically, the Editor-in-Chief is responsible for decisions concerning regular journal submissions, or an Editorial Board member may be appointed by the Editor-in-Chief to make such judgements in the case of a conflict of interest or for other circumstances.

Word count. A word count for the paper’s text, excluding its abstract, acknowledgments, tables, figure legends, and references, allows editors and reviewers to assess whether the information contained in the paper warrants the paper’s length, and whether the submitted manuscript fits within the journal’s formats and word limits. A separate word count for the abstract is useful for the same reason.

Specification of number of figures and tables. These numbers allow editorial staff and reviewers to confirm that all figures and tables were actually included with the manuscript.

3.2 Main Text

The Abstract

Must not exceed 250 words and should be intelligible without reference to other parts of the paper. Abbreviations that appear once only, should be defined in full, unless they correspond to a gene name. If abbreviations appear more than once, the definition should be provided once, and then subsequently used throughout the abstract. Please do not cite references, figures or tables, website, equations or other graphical elements included. The abstract should give both a qualitative but also a quantitative summary of the work, including number of replicates or animal/human subjects involved, and major results (numbers and p-values), followed by a more general conclusion.

Original articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses are suggested to use structured abstracts. The structured abstract must include the following separate sections:

Background: The context and purpose of the study.

Methods: How the study was performed, including the study design, setting and population (if applicable), main methodological approaches, and any statistical tests used.

Results: Succinct presentation of key results, including all pre-specified primary outcomes; please include effect sizes, exact p-values, and sample sizes throughout.

Conclusions: Brief summary and potential implications.

Clinical Trial Registration: When applicable, include a fifth heading, “Clinical Trial Registration”. Please include the Unique Identifier and the URL of the publicly accessible website on which the trial is registered. If the data have been deposited in a public repository and/or are being used in a secondary analysis, authors should state at the end of the abstract the unique, persistent data set identifier; repository name; and number.

IMR Press encourages authors to provide a Graphical Abstract to visually present the core content and key findings of the manuscript. The Graphical Abstract should clearly convey the main message of the paper, attract readers' attention, and be suitable for display in the journal's table of contents. For detailed requirements, please refer to the “Preparing Graphical Abstracts”.

Keywords

Immediately after the abstract, provide 3–10 keywords, using avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of').

Introduction

The purpose of the work in relation to other research in the field should be briefly but clearly stated (research hypothesis must become clear), avoiding thereby an extensive review of the literature (typically less than 2.5 pages in length). The information in this section should always be referenced and must discuss the literature.

Materials and Methods

This section should be brief but include enough information to permit repetition of the work. Origin of important materials and chemicals should be clearly stated (i.e., supplier with location). In order to abbreviate lengthy methods, earlier references clearly describing the method can be cited. SI Units should be used throughout the text. This section must include a description of data treatment/statistics. Reports of experiments involving patients and healthy volunteers must describe the steps taken to obtain consent and to maintain confidentiality. Experiments involving animals must conform to accepted ethical standards.

Results

Results may also be presented in tables or figures and especially figures are encouraged to enhance reader-friendliness, but many simple findings can be mentioned directly in the text. Results should be presented separately from the discussion. Reporting results in the text that are presented in figures/tables should be avoided.

Tables: Must carry a title and should be included on separate sheets following the reference section of the main manuscript, and be intelligible without reference to the text – abbreviations (not in the terminology list), and detailed explanations (e.g. number of replicates, statistical interpretation) should be moved to the footnotes.

Figures: Should be presented separately from the main manuscript and be given after the tables. One set of figures with lettering should be suitable for dublication, i.e., sharp glossy prints, drawings in black ink, good quality computer printouts or halftone figures. Figures should already be the size of their later reproduction. No more than one figure should be presented on each page. If not, one figure is now a mandatory part for any origingal article (or review).

Important note: The sum of the number of figures and tables should not exceed 7 in one article.

Figure legends (i.e., figure titles) should be included on a separate sheet within the main manuscript following the table section and must be intelligible without having to consult the main text. Preferably, if generated with a separate program, figures should not be copied into Word/Excel etc. but be attached as e.g. JPEG, TIF or EPS files with a sufficiently high resolution of at least 300 dpi.

Discussion

The discussion should be separate from the results. It should not consist of a recapitulation of the results but deal with their interpretation. Excessive speculation should be avoided. Relevant literature should be cited. Strengths and weaknesses of the research should be briefly stated toward the end of the discussion.

3.3 Cover Letter

Summarize briefly the important points of the submitted work including a brief description of the study to be submitted, that it is an original study presenting novel work, that it has not been previously submitted to or accepted by any other journal, that is has been approved by all authors, that ethics approval and written informed consent have been obtained, and explain whether any author has a conflict of interest.

3.4 Format of Manuscript

3.4.1 General Formatting Guidelines

Format, revise, and correct the manuscript and save it as a MS Word document (not as a text or any other type of file). It is important that manuscripts should be written in clear, concise English and should be submitted free of grammar, spelling or scientific errors. Subsequent to submission of the manuscript, please do not send any other revised form of the same document. Such documents will not be used.
If you are including or referring to previously published text, tables, or figures, please obtain permission from the publisher by contacting them and add the comment "Reproduced with permission from, (ref #)" to the text, figure, or table legend.
All terms such as et al, in situ, in vitro, in vivo, etc. should be italicized.
Please do not use automatic numbering in sections, sub-sections, titles, subtitles or references. The numbering used by Word is proprietary and does not allow conversion to HTML documents. Please remove automatic numbering and manually number numbered items in text.
All supplementary materials (where applicable) should be submitted through online submission & editorial system as separated files. All supplementary figures and tables must be referred to by sequential numbers in text.
Do not include footnotes directly within the main text. If footnotes are present, handle them as follows: reference-related footnotes should be replaced with standard in-text citations consistent with the reference list. Explanatory footnotes should retain the superscript number, and the explanatory note should appear immediately after the superscript within the main text.
All files must be scanned for viruses prior to submission.
Page Layout: General.
Times New Roman. Font size 10.5. 1.2 line spacing. Alignment Justified.
The first line indents 2 characters of a new paragraph.
Sub-headings and general headings should be presented in upper case letters (capitalize the initials of all substantives).
Use either British English or American English spelling throughout your manuscript, but not both.
Do not use page breaks in your manuscript.
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading.
Figure Legends (do not place the reference to figure legends in sections and sub-sections).
Tables (do not place the references to tables in sections and sub-sections).

Notes:

Place a hard return after each paragraph.
Please cite references throughout the text in sequential numbers and place references inside square brackets at the end of sentences throughout the text.

3.4.2 References

Must be cited in the text by numbers in square brackets, e.g. [1], in numerical order of their citation. For original contributions, no more than 60 references should be cited. Only up to six authors of each reference can be listed, the rest must be abbreviated by “et al.” The use of Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) is recommended, as they provide a permanent link to the referenced electronic article. In the reference list, they should be cited in numerical order as follows:

(1) Journal:

① Less than 6 authors

[1] Teucher B, Olivares M, Cori H. Enhancers of iron absorption: ascorbic acid and other organic acids. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. 2004; 74: 403–419. https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.74.6.403

② More than 6 authors

[2] Péter S, Friedel A, Roos FF, Wyss A, Eggersdorfer M, Hoffmann K, et al. A Systematic Review of Global Alpha-Tocopherol Status as Assessed by Nutritional Intake Levels and Blood Serum Concentrations. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. 2015; 85: 261–281. https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000281

(2) Book:

① Books:

[1] LeDoux JE. The emotional brain. Simon and Schuster: New York. 1996.

② Chapter in books

[1] Eccles JS, Adler TF, Futterman R, Goff SB, Kaczala CM, Meece JL, et al. Expectancies, values, and academic behaviors. In Spence JT (ed.) Achievement and achievement motives (pp. 75–146). W.H. Freeman: San Francisco. 1983.

(3) Patent:

[1] Cho ST, inventor; Hospira, Inc., assignee. Microneedles for minimally invasive drug delivery. USA: United States patent US 6,980,855. 27 December 2005.

(4) If there are non-English journals in the reference, please insert the journal language as the ending:

[1] Zhou Y, Liu M, Liang WN. Progress on the epidemiological study of epilepsy. Zhong Hua Journal. 2007; 28: 92–94. (In Chinese)

(5) Websites:

[1] Kehoe C, Pitkow J, Morton K. GVU's 8th WWW user survey. 1997. Available at: http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/user_surveys/survey-1997-10/ (Accessed: 8 August 2000).

Please use a new line for every reference.

3.4.3 Abbreviations

Naming of chemicals should follow that outlined in Chemical Abstracts Service.
Use standard abbreviations where possible. Use the generic name of any drug unless making claims about a specific brand or formulation.
New abbreviations must be defined at first usage within the manuscript, and the abstract, text, and figures/tables should each spell them out fully the first time they appear.
Standard abbreviations (see list) do not need to be expanded at first mention; this includes all metric and SI unit abbreviations used with a value (units without a value should be spelled out). You may refer to the following list for guidance, though it is not exhaustive. You may also choose to define these abbreviations for clarity.

3.4.4 Tables

All tables should be inserted into the main text close to their first citation and must be numbered following their order of appearance (Table 1, Table 2, etc.).
Do not submit tables in any other format such as an image, Excel file, PDF file, etc.
Each table must be a real table with columns, rows and cells.
Do not use tab to create tables.
Each piece of information should reside in its own cell.
Tables must be numbered sequentially in the text and in the table title.
Do not use any numbering style other than 1, 2, etc.
Each table should have a short title. Any other text should be included at the bottom of the table and not in the table title.
Please refer to any notation within the table with sequential superscripted numbers and not by any other attribute such as a, #, etc.
Please cite references in the right column by numbers referenced in the reference section. Do not use the name of author followed by et al.
If possible, please do not use abbreviations in tables.
If abbreviations not in the terminology list are used, please list them below the table.

3.4.5 Figures

Figure File Requirements

File type: .tif, .jpg.
Image resolution: Figures should be submitted at a high resolution ① Line Art 800 dpi, ② Combo (Line Art + Halftone) 600 dpi, ③ Halftone 300 dpi. We do not accept 72 dpi web-quality graphics (usually jpg or gif format) in which the colors are not realistic, the text is illegible, or where the images are pixelated. It is important to stress that the objective is to obtain the highest quality images available.
Color space: RGB (not CMYK).
Alpha channels: None.
Letters, numbers, and symbols on figures should be clear and consistent throughout, and large enough. Font used within the figure should be between 8 and 10 points for legibility. Label units of measure consistently with the text and legend, following AMA Style for unit abbreviations.

Solid lines should not be broken up. Any lines in the graphic should be no smaller than 2 points wide.

Do not include trial logos in figures.
Figures should be prepared with the PDF layout in mind. Individual figures should not be longer than one page and with a width that corresponds to 1 column (85 mm) or 2 columns (180 mm).
All figures should be inserted into the main text close to their first citation and must be numbered following their order of appearance (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, etc.). In addition, file for figures can be provided during submission in a separate file.
Encourage to follow the guideline of WCAG: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1
Photomicrographs and clinical and diagnostic images requirements:

Photomicrographs should have internal scale markers. Symbols, arrows, or letters used in photomicrographs should contrast with the background. Explain the internal scale and identify the method of staining in photomicrographs.

For radiological and other clinical and diagnostic images, as well as pictures of pathology specimens or photomicrographs, send high-resolution photographic image files. Before-and-after images should be taken with the same intensity, direction, and color of light.

Original images for blots and gels requirements:

Authors must provide the original, uncropped and unadjusted images supporting all blot and gel results reported in an article’s figures and supporting information files.

Please create a zip folder that contains all the original blot and gel images contained in the manuscript’s main figures and supplemental figures. Authors should annotate each original image, corresponding to the figure in the main article or supplementary materials, and label each lane or loading order.

All labeling and annotation should be performed without obscuring any data or background bands. All experimental samples and controls used for one comparative analysis should be run on the same blot/gel image. The different images should not be spliced together to illustrate the results.

Figure Label & Panel Label

Use the figure label with the format: Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, etc.
Use the panel label with the format: (A), (B–D), (a), (a,b), etc.
Figure legends begin with the term Fig. in bold type, followed by the figure number, also in bold type.
Figure parts should be clearly labeled. Letters and labels must be uniform in size and style within each figure and, when possible, between figures.
Limit white space between figure panels and within each panel.
Authors are strongly encouraged to limit the number of panels per figure to 6.

Figure Legends

Provide a short title (in the legend, not on the figure itself) and an explanation in brief but sufficient detail to make the figure intelligible without reference to the text (unless a similar explanation has been given in another figure).
Statistical tests used should be described in each figure legend.
All symbols used (arrows, circles, etc.) must be explained.
Abbreviations not in the terminology list but used in the figure should be identified at the end of each legend.
If previously published figures are used, written permission from the original publisher (or copyright holder, if not the publisher) is required, and the figure source must be cited in the legend.
For multi-panel figures, each panel should be described in the legend individually.

In-text Citations

Cite figures with the format: Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, etc.
Cite figures in ascending numeric order upon first appearance in the manuscript file. In the published article, figures are inserted according to the placement of their first citation and caption in the article.
Lettered subparts of whole figures may be cited in any order in the text if the first mention of each whole figure is in numerical order. For example, you can cite any subpart of Fig. 3 in any order (e.g., Fig. 3C before Fig. 3A), as long as Figs. 1 and 2 have already been cited.
If an appendix appears in your article and it contains one or more figures, continue the consecutive numbering of the main text. Appendix materials should be cited as “Appendix Fig. 1, Appendix Table 1, etc.” Do not number the appendix figures, “A1, A2, A3, etc.”
Supplementary materials should be cited as “Supplementary Fig. 1, Supplementary Table 1, etc.”

If you have any questions or are experiencing a problem with figures, please contact: RN@imrpress.com

3.4.6 Videos

The inclusion of original videos demonstrating techniques, diagnostic processes, or treatments that significantly enhance the study's information is permitted.

Videos should be submitted separately as individual files, removing any identifying patient information. If this is not feasible, it should be ensured that informed consent has been signed. For videos originating from other sources, explicit permission for reproduction/publication within the article must be attached.

Videos will be numbered sequentially in Arabic numerals according to their appearance in the text (e.g., Video 1, Video 2, etc.), and each video should include a title. The numbering, titles, and captions (if applicable) should be included within the article and not embedded in the video itself. For more details, please refer to "Preparing Multimedia Materials".

3.4.7 Label Styles, Units and Symbols

Labels must be prepared according to our in‐house style, be phrased in accordance to the manuscript, and free of spelling and other language errors.

*: Correspondence.

†: These authors contributed equally.

§: The author's own special request.

The SI system of units is preferred. For detailed advice please refer to the guidelines in Baron DN, Clark HM. Units, Symbols, and Abbreviations: A Guide for Authors and Editors in Medicine and Related Sciences, 6th edn (2008). CRC Press, ISBN 9781853156243.

Note:

Always use a leading zero (0) before decimal points: 0.5 NOT .5.
Decimal points must use a full stop/period (.) NOT a comma (,).
A space must be inserted before measurement units: 132 bp NOT 132bp, 5 mm NOT 5mm, 1 h NOT 1h.

4. Supplementary Materials

Additional data and files can be uploaded as "Supplementary Files" during the manuscript submission process. The supplementary files will also be available to the referees as part of the peer-review process. We encourage researchers to archive data in data repositories wherever possible, such as large dataset files, video and audio files, archives, and any other file containing information that cannot easily be incorporated into the main manuscript. Please ensure that any Supplementary Materials submitted with the article are in compliance with the Research data policy. Any file format is acceptable, however, we recommend that common, non-proprietary formats are used where possible.

5. Original Images for Blots and Gels Requirements

In order to ensure the integrity and scientific validity of blotting techniques (including, but not limited to, western blots) and gel data reporting, original, uncropped, and unadjusted images should be uploaded as Supporting Information files at time of initial manuscript submission.

A single PDF file or a zip folder containing all the original images reported in the main figure and supplemental figures is suggested. Authors should annotate each original image, corresponding to the figure in the main article or supplementary materials, and label each lane or loading order. All experimental samples and controls used for one comparative analysis should be run on the same blot/gel image. Different images should not be spliced together to illustrate the results.

6. Research and Publication Ethics

6.1 Research Ethics

If the research being described involves procedures, chemicals, or equipment that might be associated with any unusual hazards, the authors must clearly identify these in the manuscript.

If the work involves the use of animal or human subjects, it must have been approved by appropriate institutional and ethical committee(s); authors must include in the manuscript a statement that all procedures were performed in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and that institutional and ethical approval had been obtained. A statement must also be included in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation involving human subjects. The privacy rights of human subjects must always be observed in accordance with data protection and other applicable legislation. For more information, please see Publishing Ethics and Research Ethics and Informed Consent.

6.2 Publication Ethics Statement

RN follows the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals.

Publication of a scientific article represents the means through which the contribution of the scientists is recognized. Along with this recognition, the authors of a scientific article bear the responsibility to make certain that their contribution is original, reproducible, and clearly and honestly represented. It is not always possible to detect erroneous nature of a set of data during the peer-review process. Therefore, it is vital that all authors carefully review the accuracy of the data that they present.

Authors of the manuscript are obligated to:

Refrain from plagiarism (total or partial submission of the work of others).
Refrain from fabricating (falsifying) data.
Refrain from dishonesty (altering or suppressing information).
Refrain from submitting information previously published or under consideration for publication in another journal.
Describe the work accurately.
Provide the details necessary for the duplication of the data by other investigators.
Include all the data even if they do not support a given hypothesis.
Cite all the relevant contribution of other investigators and references that allow interpretation of the results.
Include the source of all materials used.
Make available all products that they generate such as protein, DNA, clone, cell or other types of material that they describe to other investigators. This should be done with the spirit that the data that are published can be duplicated and that other ideas can be tested.
Abide by the rules set in the Declaration of Helsinki and Recommendation for Conduct of Clinical Research.
Use laboratory animals for the research according to the rules and regulations of NIH and their institution.
Use recombinant DNA for the research according to the rules and regulations of NIH and the institution.
If errors and inaccuracies are found by the authors after publication of their paper, these issues need to be promptly communicated to the editors of this journal so that appropriate actions can be taken. Please refer to our policy regarding publication of publishing addenda and corrections.

For more information, please see Publishing Ethics and Research Ethics and Informed Consent.

6.3 Neutrality

Potential disputes over borders and territories may have particular relevance for authors in describing their research or in an author or editor correspondence address, and such issues should be respected. Content decisions are an editorial matter and where there is a potential or perceived dispute or complaint, the editorial team will attempt to come to a resolution that satisfies all parties involved.

RN stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

6.4 Citation

Research articles and non-research articles (e.g., Review, Letter to the editor and Editorial articles) must cite appropriate and relevant literature in support of the claims made, see more guidelines about Citation.

7. Authorship

According to the ICMJE guidelines, to qualify as an author a contributor should meet each of these four criteria: they have (i) made substantial contributions to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; and (ii) been involved in drafting the manuscript or reviewing it critically for important intellectual content; and (iii) given final approval of the version to be published. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content; and (iv) agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Acquisition of funding, collection of data, or general supervision of the research group alone does not usually warrant authorship, they should be named in the acknowledgments section.

The individual contributions of authors to the manuscript should be specified, and initials should be used to refer to each author’s contribution. If any changes to the list of authors of a manuscript are necessary after the initial submission but before publication, the corresponding author must contact the journal staff and provide a clear reason for the change.

RN will individually inform anyone who is added or removed from the author list.

See more details about authorship.

8. Copyright/Open Access

2024 Revista de Neurología (from Volume 79, Issue 11), published by IMR, has changed its Open Access publication model from the CC BY-NC-ND license to the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. All papers published from Volume 26 to Volume 79, Issue 10 (1998–2024) are copyrighted by IMR Press, and available under a CC BY-NC-ND license. Articles published beginning from Volume 79 Issue 11 (2024) are under the terms and conditions of the CC BY license.

IMR Press will insert the following note in the footer of the first page of the published text:

9. Reviewer Recommendation

Authors can recommend two peers who could potentially be called upon to review the submitted manuscript. Recommended reviewers should be experts in their fields and should be able to provide an objective assessment of the manuscript. Please be aware of any conflicts of interest when recommending reviewers. Examples of conflicts of interest include (but are not limited to):

The reviewer has prior knowledge of your submission.
The reviewer has recently collaborated with any of the authors.
Nominees from the same institution as any of the authors are not permitted.
Please nominate peers who you do not wish to review your manuscript (i.e., opposed reviewers).

Please note that the Editors are not obliged to invite/reject any recommended/opposed reviewers to assess your manuscript.

Journal editors will check to make sure there are no conflicts of interest before contacting reviewers, and will not consider those with competing interests. Reviewers are asked to declare any conflicts of interest. The editorial team will respect opposed reviewer requests as long as this does not interfere with the objective and thorough assessment of the submission.

10. Conflict of Interest

All authors should disclose in their paper any financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that might be construed to influence the results or their interpretation in the paper. In particular, any sources of financial support must be disclosed and reported in the appropriate section of the published version.

11. Funded by the National Institute of Health (NIH)

In accordance with the updated National Institutes of Health (NIH) policies, all manuscripts accepted for publication that report research funded, in whole or in part, by the NIH must be submitted to PubMed Central (PMC). If your research is funded by the NIH or other organizations, we would be happy to assist you in depositing the published version of your article into the relevant repository to ensure compliance with the applicable archiving requirements. For more details, please refer to Self Archive.

12. Editorial Process and Peer-Review

IMR operates rigorous and transparent peer-review process and editorial process that aims to maximize quality. Peer-review is handled by researchers and scholars. For more details, see our Editorial Process.

13. Editorial Independence

RN is consistent with the principles of editorial independence presented by the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME). For more details, see our Editorial Policies.

14. Process for in-House Submissions

RN requires that editorial staff or editors not be involved in processing their own academic work.

A conflict-of-interest section is required for all manuscripts. If there are no interests to declare for a Editorial Board member’s manuscript, please use the following wording: “Given their role as Editor [in Chief]/Editorial Board member, <NAME of Editor> had no involvement in the peer-review of this article and has no access to information regarding its peer-review. Full responsibility for the editorial process for this article was delegated to <NAME of delegated editor>”. See more details about Process for in-House Submissions.

15. Promoting Equity, Diversity and Inclusiveness within RN

Our Managing Editors encourage the Editors-in-Chief to appoint diverse and expert Editorial Boards. We are proud to create equal opportunities without regard to gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, religion, or socio-economic status. There is no place for discrimination in our workplace, and editors of RN are to uphold these principles in high regard.

16. Supplements Policy

We publish Supplements in accordance with guidelines from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and Conflict of Interest Disclosure and Journal Supplements in MEDLINE by the US National Library of Medicine. For more details, see our Policy.

17. Refund Policy

Article Processing Charges are required after a manuscript has been accepted for publication. The journal will not issue refunds of any kind after the acceptance of the manuscript.

Updated on 4 November 2025

Rev. Neurol. Print ISSN 0210-0010 Electronic ISSN 1576-6578