Tumour metastasis to the brain is a complex process involving crosstalk between
the circulating tumour cells and the blood brain barrier (BBB). Astrocytes, which
reside in the abluminal surface of the microvasculature of the BBB, are now known
to play an essential role in tumour cell migration and invasion into the brain
parenchyma. For instance, pro-inflammatory astrocyte secretions, including
TNF-, IL-6, CXCL10 as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids interact with
circulating tumour cells to promote migration and proliferation. Additionally,
astrocyte and tumour cell derived MMPs play a vital role in tumour cell invasion
through the BBB. Understanding these complex interactions between tumour cells
and astrocytes in the tumour microenvironment may contribute to the development
of novel therapeutics for brain metastasis. Therefore, in this review, we present
key interactions within the neurovascular unit of the BBB in the tumour
microenvironment that significantly aids cancer metastasis, focusing particularly
on astrocytes.