Fig. 1.Autism-like behavioral phenotypes of Ctnnd2
mice. (A) The strategy of generation of Ctnnd2 mutant mice. Both Cas9
mRNA and sgRNA were co-injected into mouse zygotes; the sgRNA directed Cas9
nuclease to cleavage the exon 2 of mouse Ctnnd2 gene and thus resulted
in disruption of CTNND2 protein. (B) Genotyping results of the mutant mice and
their WT control littermates. (C–H) Three chamber test of Ctnnd2-mutant
mice. Left panel, schematic presentation (C, F); middle panel, statistical
analysis of the total entries in the social interaction test (D) and novelty
preference (G), respectively; right panel, the time spent in each test (E, H).
S1, stranger mouse 1; IS1, interaction with stranger mouse 1; C, center chamber;
O, object; IO, interaction with the object; S2, stranger mouse 2; IS2,
interaction with stranger mouse 2. (I–N) Open-field test of the mice. I,
schematic presentation of the test; grooming time (J), number of center grid
crossing (K), frequency of vertical rearing (L), and climbing times (M) were
measured and analyzed in the open-field test. Statistical analysis was performed
using a t-test. n = 8 mice per group for a behavioral test.
Data are the means SEM. *, p 0.05; **, p 0.01;
***, p 0.001.