We have studied the incidence, evolution and association with CIN of the cervicovaginal infections by HPV. We noted over a period of time the diverse behaviour of “benign” and atypical alterations through colposcopic and cytohistological monitoring. We also noted the therapeutic efficacy in relation to the type of viral alterations and to the associated lesion (CIN). We emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis, of aimed and personalised therapy and follow-up, in consideration of the natural history and of the evolutive potentiality of HPV infections.