The main aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the effectiveness of olaparib in the maintenance setting and the number of previous chemotherapy lines received for the treatment of BRCA-mutated platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer (OC). This was a regional, multicentric, retrospective, and observational study, designed to collect data from medical charts of patients treated between June 2015 and October 2018. At data lock, 43 patients were evaluated for the study. Patients with 1-2 previous lines of platinum-based chemotherapy showed a higher response rate to olaparib, compared to those with 3-4 or more previous lines. No difference in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) was observed between the two groups; 40.5% of patients experienced a G3-4 adverse event, while no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of G3-4 toxicities. This is the first Italian study evaluating the use of olaparib in the “real-world” treatment of OC patients, offering a preliminary but useful picture of current clinical practice in Puglia region.