Purpose: To analyze the findings of malignant neoplasms after hysterectomy for benign conditions. Methods: A retrospective study from January 1987 to December 2008 was conducted. We analyzed all simple hysterectomies with or without salpingooophorectomy for benign conditions (leiomyoma). Incomplete dossiers of patients or cases with uncertain clinical diagnostics were excluded. We analyzed histopathological results, age, parity, indications for hysterectomies with or without salpingo-oophorectomy, stage (if malignant) and therapy. Results: 2,016 hysterectomies with or without salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. Of 2,016, 652 (32.3%) had had a previous diagnosis of malignancy and 1,364 (67.7%) had had a clinical diagnosis of benignancy (leiomyoma). From the total of 1,364, three (0.22%) cases of cancer were diagnosed after anatomopathological study of the uterine specimen, two sarcomas and one endometrial cancer. No cases of incidental ovarian or uterine cervical cancer were diagnosed. Conclusions: Gynecological malignances in surgical specimens of patients submitted to surgery (hysterectomy and/or salpingo-oophorectomy) for benign conditions are rarely found.