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European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology (EJGO) is published by IMR Press from Volume 40 Issue 1 (2019). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with S.O.G.
Review
Genetic polymorphisms, the metabolism of estrogens and breast cancer: a review
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1
Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo
2
Genomic Division, Laboratory of Salomao & Zoppi Diagnostic Medicine
3
Oncology Department, University of São Paulo
4
Department of Gynecology, “Hospital das Clinicas”, University of São Paulo, SP (Brazil)
Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 2008, 29(4), 313–320;
Published: 10 August 2008
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common female cancer and the second cause of cancer death in women. Despite recent breakthroughs, much of the etiology of this disease is unknown and the most important risk factor, i.e., exposure to endogenous and exogenous estrogen throughout life cannot explain the heterogeneity of prognosis nor clinical features of patients. Recently, many gene polymorphisms in the metabolism of breast cancer have been described as possible neoplasm etiologic factors. This review is an attempt to summarize the current knowledge about these polymorphisms and to determine new target genes for diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Polymorphisms in the genes CYP17, CYP19, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, UGT1A1, SULT1A1, 17-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase, COMT, GST, ESR1, and ESR2 are described.
Keywords
Breast cancer
Metabolism of estrogens
Estrogen receptors
Polymorphisms
Metabolizing genes