Objectives: The main goal of this narrative review is to summarize the
data on the relationship between air pollution and pregnancy outcome.
Mechanism: The authors conducted a critical but concise review on
published studies relating to particulate matter (PM and PM),
carbon monoxide, ozone and nitrogen oxide versus pregnancy outcome.
Findings in brief: (Over) exposure to particulate matter is associated
with a negative outcome on fertility and early pregnancy loss. There is an
increased risk of congenital birth anomalies, birth weight and pregnancy-induced
hypertensive disorders with exposure on PM. Exposure to ozone and
NO decreases the chance of live birth rate and increases the risk of
congenital heart diseases, preterm birth and hypertensive disorders.
Conclusions: Air pollution is traditionally correlated with adverse
health effects. In the current review, we concisely but critically compile the
most relevant studies on pregnancy-related effects. Particulate matter, carbon
monoxide, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide are the key air pollutants. Exposure to
these pollutants has been associated with cardiovascular disease, respiratory
disease, and negative effects on pregnancy.