IMR Press / RCM / Volume 20 / Issue 3 / DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm.2019.03.518
Open Access Review
Diet-induced chronic syndrome, metabolically transformed trimethylamine-N-oxide, and the cardiovascular functions
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Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
*Correspondence: mahavir.singh@louisville.edu; gene2genetics@gmail.com (Mahavir Singh)
Rev. Cardiovasc. Med. 2019, 20(3), 121–128; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm.2019.03.518
Submitted: 30 June 2019 | Accepted: 2 September 2019 | Published: 30 September 2019
Copyright: © 2019 Hardin et al. Published by IMR press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Abstract

Recent studies have shown that the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract and its microbiome impact the functioning of various body systems by regulating immunological responses, extracting energy, remodeling intestinal epithelia, and strengthening the gut itself. The gastrointestinal tract microbiota includes bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, and archaea which collectively comprise a dynamic community prone to alterations via influences such as the environment, illness, and metabolic processes. The idea that the host’s diet possesses characteristics that could potentially alter microbiota composition is a novel notion. We hypothesize that a high fat diet leads to the alteration of the gastrointestinal microbiota composition and that metabolic transformation of the compound trimethylamine into trimethylamine-N-oxide promotes vasculopathy such as atherosclerosis and affects cardiovascular functionality. Furthermore, we hypothesize that treatment with probiotics will restore the homeostatic environment (eubiosis) of the gastrointestinal tract.

Keywords
Diet
dysbiosis
eubiosis
cardiovascular disease
inflammation
phosphatidylcholine
probiotics
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