Background: Backpacks are widely used by children to carry different
objects and the literature supports that most backpacks contain excessive weight.
To minimize the loading effects (i.e., ground reaction force), modified backpacks
have been tested. However, the effects of elastics on shoulders straps are yet to
be studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to test and compare the effect on the
vertical ground reaction force of a standard backpack with a modified one with
elastic straps while walking and running. Methods: 9 children (5 boys and 4 girls) were included in the group
G-5 (age: 11.0 0.3 years-old; body mass: 35.3 7.3 kg; height:
1.41 0.1 m) and twelve (7 boys and 5 girls) in G-9 (age: 15.0 0.7
years-old; body mass: 56.7 11.2 kg; height: 1.63 0.1 m).
Participants attended a single session and were initially asked to walk and then
run over a force plate. The software Ergotest MuscleLab v8.0 (MuscleLab, Ergotest
Innovation, Porsgrunn, Norway) was linked to the force platform and was used to
collect and export data. The level of statistical significance was set at
p 0.05. Additionally, the effect size of the differences
verified on T-Tests was calculated based on Cohen’s d. Results: Statistically significant differences between a common
backpack and a modified one with straps (p 0.05) were observed for
the variables time and force when walking. Regarding the running condition, the
time variable did not differ significantly between the backpacks. However, the
force variable changed considerably between backpack types (p 0.05).
The new straps minimized the forces magnitude, resulting in lower stress. Conclusions: The modified backpacks with shoulder elastic straps
reduced the ground reaction force and impact when walking and running. The study
may encourage other researchers to assess the effects of different movements
(such as jumping or rotating) on ground reaction force.