Several cMET inhibitors have been developed as novel therapeutic candidates and are under investigation in clinical trials. New preclinical models to study mechanisms underlying resistance to these targeted agents are essential, as resistance acquired during treatment may lead to relapse. The squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line EBC-1 harbors a cMET gene amplification and is sensitive to the cMET inhibitor crizotinib. Here, through multiple step selection with gradually increasing concentrations of crizotinib we established a resistant clone of these cells, termed EBC-CR. A tyrosine kinase activity assay did not show increased signaling of a bypassing pathway or renewed activity of cMET after crizotinib treatment. However, the pH-sensitive pHRodo Green AM probe showed increased acidification of the cytoplasm and lysosomes of EBC-CR cells. Live cell fluorescence imaging also showed an increase in lysosomal number after crizotinib treatment, and the intracellular concentration of crizotinib was significantly lower in crizotinib-resistant EBC-CR cells as compared to the drug sensitive parental EBC-1 cells. These findings suggest that the impaired accumulation of crizotinib in EBC-CR cells, together with the increased acidification of the lysosomes, contributes to crizotinib resistance in cMET-amplified NSCLC cells. In conclusion, the present research identified a novel mechanism used by cancer cells to confer resistance to cMET inhibition. These results prompt future studies for the establishment of innovative therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance to cMET kinase inhibitors by modulation of lysosomal acidification.
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Research article
Resistance to crizotinib in a cMET gene amplified tumor cell line is associated with impaired sequestration of crizotinib in lysosomes
Nele Van Der Steen1,2,3, Richard J Honeywell3, Henk Dekker3, Johan Van Meerloo4, Jeroen Kole5, René Musters5, Rob Ruijtenbeek6, Christian Rolfo7, Patrick Pauwels1,2, Godefridus J Peters3, Elisa Giovannetti3,8,*
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1
Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
2
Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
3
Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
4
Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
5
Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
6
Wolvenhoek 10, 5211 HH 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
7
Phase I - Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
8
Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Cisanello Hospital, via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
* elisa.giovannetti@gmail.com (Elisa Giovannetti)
J. Mol. Clin. Med. 2018, 1(2), 99–106;
https://doi.org/10.31083/j.jmcm.2018.02.007
Submitted: 3 November 2017 | Revised: 4 February 2018 | Accepted: 9 February 2018 | Published: 20 April 2018
Abstract
Keywords
C-MET
Crizotinib
Resistance
Lysosomes
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