The effects of Danggui Sini decoction on peripheral neuropathy in oxaliplatin-induced peripheral is established. The results indicated that Danggui Sini decoction treatment significantly reduced the current amplitude of dorsal root ganglia cells undergoing agonists stimuli compared to the model-dorsal root ganglia group (P 0.05). Danggui Sini decoction treatment significantly inhibited the inflammatory response of dorsal root ganglia cells compared to the model-dorsal root ganglia group (P 0.05). Danggui Sini decoction treatment significantly enhanced the amounts of Nissl bodies in dorsal root ganglia cells compared to the Model-dorsal root ganglia group (P 0.05). Danggui Sini decoction treatment improved ultra-microstructures of dorsal root ganglia cells. In conclusion, Danggui Sini decoction protected against neurotoxicity of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in rats by suppressing inflammatory lesions, improving ultra-microstructures, and enhancing amounts of Nissl bodies.