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Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar (FBS) is published by IMR Press from Volume 13 Issue 1 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.

1 Jan 2017Review

The emergence of Aspergillus species in chronic respiratory disease

Anthony C.A. Yii 1, Mariko S. Koh 1,2,3, Therese S. Lapperre 1,3, Gan L. Tan 1,3, Sanjay H. Chotirmall 4,*
Affiliations
Article Info

1 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

2 Allergy Clinic, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

3 Duke-National University Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore

4 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Abstract

Chronic lung disease is recognized as an important risk factor for developing pulmonary aspergillosis. The development of specific aspergillus-associated syndromes depends on host immunity and underlying lung disease. In the setting of asthma, hypersensitivity to Aspergillus can lead to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) or severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS). Chronic use of systemic or inhaled corticosteroids coupled with recurrent antibiotic use for exacerbations prevalent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) predisposes to chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). Prior pulmonary tuberculosis is a risk factor for CPA, a syndrome with a wide range of presentations including a simple aspergilloma, chronic cavities, necrosis or fibrosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that the presence of or colonization by Aspergillus in the setting of chronic lung disease can worsen clinical course and outcomes even in the absence of overt pulmonary aspergillosis. We propose that understanding the complex interplay between host and fungi may provide key insights into the pathogenesis of Aspergillus-associated pulmonary syndromes in the setting of chronic lung disease, and provide novel therapeutic approaches to improve its identification and management.

Keywords

  • Aspergillosis
  • Asthma
  • COPD
  • Bronchiectasis
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Mycobiome
  • Review

References