IMR Press / FBS / Volume 4 / Issue 4 / DOI: 10.2741/S331

Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar (FBS) is published by IMR Press from Volume 13 Issue 1 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.

Article
Cell sources for cartilage repair; contribution of the mesenchymal perivascular niche
Show Less
1 Department of Pathology, Histology and Radiology, School of Medicine, La Laguna University, Canary Islands, Spain
2 Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Spain
3 Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Front. Biosci. (Schol Ed) 2012, 4(4), 1275–1294; https://doi.org/10.2741/S331
Published: 1 June 2012
Abstract

Tissue and cell sources for cartilage repair are revised, including: 1) cartilage and subchondral bone (auto and allografts; single or multiple/mosaicplasty grafts), 2) cultured chondrocytes (autologous/ACI, characterized/CCI, matrix assisted/MAC, or allogenic), 3) adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), 4) progenitor cells from perichondrium and periosteum, 5) embryonic and prenatal stem cells, 6) induced pluripotent stem cells, and 7) genetically modified cells. We consider the biological mechanisms that explain usage and possible complications, advantages and limitations, emerging technologies and possible modulations on extracellular matrix properties and on migration, proliferation, de-differentiation, re-differentiation, morphology, function and integration of the cells. The study of MSC role involve: a) identification, b) location (perivascular niche hypothesis, pericytes as progenitor cells), c) lineage (myoadipofibrogenic system: transit amplifying cells, fibroblast/myofibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, odontoblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells and adipocytes), and d) use in cartilage repair, comprising: 1) MSCs recruited from neighbouring tissues (bone marrow stimulation, MSCs based "in situ" cartilage repair, microfracture) and 2) MSCs cultured and expanded from bone marrow, adipose tissue, synovial membrane or granulation tissue.

Share
Back to top