IMR Press / FBL / Volume 8 / Issue 6 / DOI: 10.2741/1053

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark (FBL) is published by IMR Press from Volume 26 Issue 5 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.

Article
Is precipitation of calcium phosphate an important factor for the development of calcium oxalate stones in the urinary tract?
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1 Department of Urology, Huddinge University Hospital and Center for Surgical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm. Sweden
Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2003, 8(6), 326–332; https://doi.org/10.2741/1053
Published: 1 May 2003
Abstract

One commonly encountered problem in clinical urology is how to treat patients with calcium stone disease in a long-term perspective. At least ten per cent of the population in most parts of the world are afflicted by stone formation of which calcium stones undoubtedly dominate. The clinical problem comes from the fact that the disease is associated with a considerable recurrence rate. During a 10-year follow-up period recurrent stone formation can be expected in about half of the patients. In a Swedish epidemiological study it was shown that 30 per cent of patients who presented with their first stone had formed one or more new stones after 10 years. For those who had a history of more than one stone at the start of follow-up, the corresponding recurrence rate was 70 per cent (1). There is thus an obvious reason to provide some form of recurrence prevention at least to patients with the most severe course of the disease. Although several therapeutic alternatives today are available for such a purpose, their clinical efficacy is far from that desired. There are several explanations for our therapeutic shortcomings, but one important factor is our incomplete understanding of exactly how calcium stones form. Such knowledge is an absolute prerequisite for designing a rational effective and dynamic recurrence preventive treatment. 

Keywords
Calcium Phosphate
Calcium Oxalate
Kidney Calculi
Nephron
Urine
Urolithiasis
Review
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