Amino acids and diabetes: implications for endocrine, metabolic and immune function

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Article

Philip Newsholme^1,*, Fernando Abdulkader², Eduardo Rebelato², Talita Romanatto², Carlos Hermano J. Pinheiro², Kaio Fernando Vitzel², Erica Portioli Silva², Roberto B. Bazotte³, Joaquim Procopio², Rui Curi², Renata Gorjao⁴, Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi⁴

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¹ UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute and UCD Institute for Sport and Health, UCD Dublin, Belield, Dublin 4, Ireland. philip.newsholme@ucd.ie

² Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil

³ State University of Maringa (DFF/UEM), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 87020- 900, Maringa, PR, Brazil

⁴ Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2011, 16(1), 315–339; https://doi.org/10.2741/3690

Published: 1 January 2011

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Abstract

Aberrant alterations in glucose and lipid concentrations and their pathways of metabolism are a hallmark of diabetes. However, much less is known about alterations in concentrations of amino acids and their pathways of metabolism in diabetes. In this review we have attempted to highlight, integrate and discuss common alterations in amino acid metabolism in a wide variety of cells and tissues and relate these changes to alterations in endocrine, physiologic and immune function in diabetes.

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