IMR Press / FBL / Volume 14 / Issue 7 / DOI: 10.2741/3397

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark (FBL) is published by IMR Press from Volume 26 Issue 5 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.

Article
Role of Toll-like receptor mediated signaling pathway in ischemic heart
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1 First Department of Internal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima,  Japan
2 Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2009, 14(7), 2553–2558; https://doi.org/10.2741/3397
Published: 1 January 2009
Abstract

Stimulation of TLRs by exogenous and endogenous ligands triggers expression of several genes that are involved in innate immune responses. Recently, a role of TLR4 in the myocardial response to injury separate from microbial pathogens has been examined in experimental studies. TLR4 deficient mice sustain significantly smaller infarctions compared with wild-type control mice given similar areas at risk. Levels of serum cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα are increased after ischemia/reperfusion, but these responses are attenuated in TLR4 deficient mice compared to control mice. TLR2 signaling also importantly contributes to cardiac dysfunction following ischemia/reperfusion. MyD88, a key adaptor protein for TLR signaling, is responsible for the protective effects of TLR signaling inhibition in ischemia/reperfusion injury. TLR4 gene polymorphism (Asp299Gly) attenuates innate immune responsiveness, reduces the risk for coronary artery disease, and increases a chance of longevity. The innate immune system is clearly involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and could be a new therapeutic target.

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