IMR Press / FBL / Volume 13 / Issue 3 / DOI: 10.2741/2734

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark (FBL) is published by IMR Press from Volume 26 Issue 5 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.

Article
The role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in diabetic nephropathy
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1 Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Department of Internal Medicine III, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07740 Jena, Germany
Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2008, 13(3), 944–955; https://doi.org/10.2741/2734
Published: 1 January 2008
Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy is increasingly considered as an inflammatory disease characterized by leukocyte infiltration at every stage of renal involvement. Chemokines are important participators in the recruitment of specific subpopulations of inflammatory cells into renal compartments. MCP-1/CCL2 has been identified as having a key role in monocyte/macrophage recruitment in animal models of diabetic nephropathy, as well as in renal biopsies from patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Various factors of the diabetic milieu can induce renal expression of MCP-1/CCL2 and cell adhesion molecules, and thereby mediate the macrophage responses that ultimately cause renal injury. Possibly fractalkine/CX3CL1 functions as an arrest chemokine in monocyte/macrophage adhesion before migration into the kidney. T lymphocyte recruitment is influenced by up-regulation of RANTES/CCL5 throughout glomerular as well as tubulointerstitial structures as well as IP-10/CXCL10 mainly in the tubulointerstitium. Improved knowledge of gene polymorphisms of chemokines and their receptors could be useful to predict onset of diabetic nephropathy and define its progression. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is currently the only clinically used strategy to treat the inflammatory process in diabetic nephropathy. Newer strategies point to chemokine receptor antagonists and even to immunosuppressive therapy, but still remain in the experimental stage.

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