IMR Press / FBL / Volume 12 / Issue 5 / DOI: 10.2741/2180

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark (FBL) is published by IMR Press from Volume 26 Issue 5 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.

Article

Craniofacial, skeletal, and cardiac defects associated with altered embryonic murine Zic3 expression following targeted insertion of a PGK-NEO cassette

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1 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
2 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2007, 12(5), 1680–1690; https://doi.org/10.2741/2180
Published: 1 January 2007
Abstract

Mutation in ZIC3 (OMIM #306955), a zinc finger transcription factor, causes heterotaxy (situs ambiguus) or isolated congenital heart defects in humans. Mice bearing a null mutation in Zic3 have left-right patterning defects with associated cardiovascular, vertebra/rib, and central nervous system malformations. Although XZic3 is thought to play a critical role in Xenopus neural crest development, no defects in tissues derived from neural crest are apparent in adult Zic3null mice. In this study we have characterized the effect of a PGK-neo cassette insertion 5' of the Zic3 locus. The Zic3 transcript in this new allele is up-regulated in ES cells and in E9.0 embryos, but no ectopic expression was detected. Unlike the Zic3null mutation in which only 20% of mutant animals survive to adulthood, there was no evidence of excess fetal death caused by the Zic3neo allele. Zic3neo mutant mice exhibited hemifacial microsomia, asymmetric low set ears, axial skeletal defects, kyphosis and scoliosis; a combination of defects which mimics Goldenhar Syndrome. Some Zic3neo mice had evidence of left-right axis patterning defects, but cardiac malformation was much less common than in the Zic3null mutants. A six-week old hemizygous mouse was found to have thoraco-cervical ectopia cordis, an extremely rare congenital malformation in humans and for which there is no precedent in a mouse model.

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