IMR Press / FBE / Volume 5 / Issue 3 / DOI: 10.2741/E665

Frontiers in Bioscience-Elite (FBE) is published by IMR Press from Volume 13 Issue 2 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Frontiers in Bioscience.

Review

Biomarkers of bipolar disorder: specific or shared with schizophrenia?

Show Less
1 Inserm, U955, Psychiatrie genetique, Creteil, 94000, France
2 Universite Paris Diderot, Faculte de medecine, Paris, 75013, France
3 Universite Paris Est, Faculte de medecine, Creteil, 94000, France
4 AP-HP, Hopital St Louis-Lariboisière-F. Widal, Pole de Psychiatrie, Paris, 75475, France
5 AP-HP, Hopital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Pole de Psychiatrie, Creteil, 94000, France
6 Pole de psychiatrie, Universite Lille Nord de France, CHRU de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
7 Fondation Fondamental, Creteil, 94000, France
8 Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, UK

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

 

Front. Biosci. (Elite Ed) 2013, 5(3), 845–863; https://doi.org/10.2741/E665
Published: 1 June 2013
Abstract

Kraepelin’s observations of the differences in the course and outcome of dementia praecox and manic depression fundamentally influenced thinking about bipolar disorder (BP) and schizophrenia (SZ) for over a century. In modern times, there is increasing awareness that a greater understanding of the similarities between these two highly prevalent and disabling conditions can teach us as many lessons about the pathophysiology of severe mental disorders as does the pursuit of differentiating factors. We review publications on developmental, genetic, epidemiological, and outcome research that challenges the Kraepelian dichotomy. We highlight the increasing evidence of the overlap in genetic susceptibility. Neurodevelopmental studies provide evidence of shared early pathological processes, whilst neurophysiological investigations also suggest that different genes may have a role in the development of both phenotypes. There is also evidence of overlapping neurocognitive phenotypes. It has become increasingly clear that a simple binary classification of these disorders represents an oversimplification. It may be more apposite to think in terms of genetic influences on six continuous symptom dimensions: neurobiological, cognitive, positive, negative, depressive and manic symptoms.

Keywords
Bipolar disorder
Schizophrenia
Marker
Biomarker
Genes
Endophenotype
Kraepelin
Review
Share
Back to top