Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate indications and complications of laparoscopic myomectomy with regard to the reproductive outcome of infertile women with a large leiomyomatous uterus. Methods: From January 1997 to July 1999, 144 patients underwent laparoscopic myomectomy for a myoma measuring ≥5 cm in diameter. Indications for surgery were increase in size of myoma in infertile patients (70.8%), pain (44.4%) or abnormal bleeding (68%). Average size of myomas were 7.8 cm with a range of 5 cm to 18 cm. The myomas were intramural/submucosal (n = 108), subserosal (n = 15), intraligamentous (n = 14) and peduncolated (n = 7). The laparotomy conversion rate was 1.39% (n = 2); one case required a blood transfusion. Operating time ranged from 58 to 180 minutes with an average of 95 minutes. Average hospital tay was 2.6 days and the overall complication rate was 2.08%. Eighteen patients (12.5%) underwent second-look laparoscopy. The rate of postoperative adhesion was 33.3%; there were no adnexal adhesions. In all cases ultrasonography was done one day after the operation and five weeks postoperatively to compare wound -healing, the last control showed an irregular hypodense area in only 14 patients (9.7%). Results: Twenty-six patients operated on in 1997 went on to conceive: nine vaginal deliveries, 12 Caesarean sections, four miscar­riages and one ectopic pregnancy. No uterine rupture was observed. The pregnancy rate for patients submitted to laparoscopic myo­mectomy in 1997 (n = 38) was 34.21% at six months (n = 13) and 55.26% (n = 21) at 12 months after the procedures. Conclusions: Our preliminary results confirm that conception occurs in the majority of infertile women with a large leiomyomatous uterus who undergo myomectomy and second-look laparoscopy leads to a low complication rate.