Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of ultra short-term antimicrobial prophylaxis with ceftazidime in patients undergoing radical gynecologic surgery. Patients and Methods: Two hundred patients undergoing surgery for a malignant disease of the female genital tract were enrolled in a prospective trial to receive 2.0 g ceftazidime as a single dose, 30 minutes before induction of anaesthesia. After surgery, each patient was assessed to confirm febrile status and the presence of infections at the surgical site, urinary tract and respiratory tract. Results: Postoperative morbidity occurred in 23 patients (11,5%). Ten patients (5%) developed febrile morbidity, five (2,5%) vaginal cuff infections, four asymptomatic bacteriuria and two each wound infiltration and urinary tract infection. Twelve patients had microbiological evidence of infection and Staphylococccus aureus was the most common pathogen isolated. Univariate analysis demonstrated that pre-existing systemic disease, extensive blood loss (more than 500 ml) and long duration of surgery (more than 150 minutes) were the only factors associated with a significant increase in postoperative febrile morbidity. Conclusions: Ultra short-term antimicrobial prophylaxis with ceftazidime is safe and effective in patients undergoing surgery for gynecologic cancer.