Introduction: Surgical gynaecological procedures, such as: total, abdominal hysterectomy or vaginal hysterectomy are a group of surgeries associated with a high risk of postoperative infectious complications (PICs). The aim of this investigation was to identify microorganisms responsible for evolution of infections' complications in the postoperative period of these patients and to assess a correlation between the appearance of certain microorganisms on the risk of inflammation development in postoperative period. Materials and Methods: The medical research recruited 115 patients of Gynecologic-Obstetrician Hospital of Medical University in Poznań (Poland) undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy, with or without adnexa by gynecologic indications. To participate in this investigation, patients under 55 years of age were considered and 111 patients qualified to undergo medical investigation once pharyngeal and vaginal swabs and twice skin swabs (at the first day of hospitalization from defined area of the surgical field and at the third day after surgery from the same area) were taken. Antibiotic prophylaxis was used, including ampicilin, netromicin, and metronidazole. Results: The abnormal results of vaginal biocoenosis diagnosed in patients before total abdominal hysterectomy with or without adnexa by gynecologic indications increase probability of postoperative antibiotic therapy, if antibiotic prophylaxis was not given to the patient before the surgery started. There was no defined positive correlation between the number microorganism colony cultured in pharyngeal, vaginal, and skin swabs taken from the patients at highest risk of infection occurrence during the postoperative period.