Purpose: To investigate the levels of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and to evaluate its correlation with hormonal, biochemical, and inflammatory indicators. Materials and Methods: This comparative, cross-sectional study was carried out in 60 cases consisting of 30 healthy controls (mean age: 29.2 ± 5.0 years) and 30 patients with POI (mean age: 28.9 ± 6.8 years). Two groups were compared in terms of serum levels of glucose, lipids, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL), GDF-15, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios (NLR). Correlation between GDF-15 and NLR with these variables was sought. Results: Serum levels of FSH (p < 0.001), LH (p < 0.001), NLR (p < 0.001) and TSH (p = 0.020) were increased significantly in POI group. In POI patients, a correlation was detected between levels of GDF-15 levels and PRL (p = 0.049). Conclusion: The authors suggest that NLR can serve as a promising marker for diagnosis and follow-up of POI, whereas GDF-15 seems not to have such a potential.