In vitro fertilization (IVF) has been associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery, caesarean delivery, low and very low birthweight infants. The authors investigated the possible high risks of adverse health outcomes in infants conceived using IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The present study includes 443 infants born to 424 women who conceived naturally and 694 infants born to 536 women that had IVF or ICSI. The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics at the Yu Huang Ding Hospital from 2008 to 2009. The main outcome measures were:gestational age, birth weight, mode of delivery, multiple pregnancy rates, and baby gender. The results showed significant differences between the neonatal and obstetric outcomes of IVF/ICSI and natural conception pregnancies. When referred to singletons only, there were no major differences seen in the neonatal and obstetric outcomes between the IVF and the control group.When the IVF group was divided into two sub-groups according to the patient’s age (< 35 and ≥ 35 years), there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the observed outcomes.