IMR Press / CEOG / Volume 40 / Issue 3 / pii/1630388315472-176820021

Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology (CEOG) is published by IMR Press from Volume 47 Issue 1 (2020). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by IMR Press on imrpress.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with S.O.G.

Case Report
Second-trimester miscarriage and umbilical cord knot. Case report and review of the literature
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1 Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens (Greece)
Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol. 2013, 40(3), 448–451;
Published: 10 September 2013
Abstract

Purpose of investigation: The present study presents a case with an umbilical cord knot along with extensive literature review. Materials and Methods: Presentation of a rare case of second-trimester abortion which was attributed to a tight umbilical cord knot. Furthermore the authors reviewed the literature from 1952 to 2012 in order to compare impact of knots on intrapartum and perinatal outcomes. Results: Four large retrospective studies assessed several predisposing factors. Long umbilical cords, male embryos, and multiparity were correlated with knots in three of these studies. Data regarding perinatal effects of true knots from three studies were summarized and compared. Conclusion: Umbilical cord true knots during the second trimester could be a very rare cause of abortion. The presence of knots during the third trimester and labor do not seem to be associated with increased perinatal and intrapartum morbidity and mortality, although there is still some controversy in the literature on this topic.
Keywords
Knot
Umbilical cord
Cord knot
Pregnancy outcome
Miscarriage
Abortion
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