Objective: To investigate the indications of amniocentesis for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities among a sample of patients in Southeast Turkey. Material and Methods: Between 2004 and 2007, 1,068 second-trimester amniocentesis tests were per-formed in the Medical Biology and Genetics Department Laboratory at Dicle University. Amniotic fluids were cultured by using long-term tissue culture for prenatal diagnosis with cytogenetic analysis. The clinical and cytogenetic findings on 1,068 second-trimester amniocenteses were analyzed. The indications, the proportions of karyotypes according to indications and complications were summarized. Results: Among the 1,068 amniocentesis cases, the maternal age between 35 and 39 years was the most commonage group (34.5%). Of the clinical indications abnormal maternal serum screening results were the most common indication for amniocentesis(37.6%). Of 52 cases (4.9%) with detected chromosomal aberrations, 39 were numeric (27 trisomies, 10 sex chromosome aberrations and two triploidies) and 13 were structural (2 reciprocal translocations, 2 Robertsonian translocations and 6inversions). The highest detection rate of chromosome aberrations was in cases undergoing amniocentesis for abnormal maternal serum screening combined with abnormal ultrasound (US) findings (8.0%). Conclusion: This study suggests that complementary measures, such as routine antenatal US and maternal serum screening, should be added to increase the efficiency of genetic amniocentesis. Therefore, the study could be used for the establishment of a database for genetic counseling.