The extracellular matrix (ECM) has been thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas. Uterine leiomyomas have abundant ECM components, including collagen, fibronectin, and glycosaminoglycans. Recent studies have demonstrated the overexpression of versican in uterine leiomyomas. Versican is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan that constitutes the main component of the ECM. However, the role of versican in the growth of uterine leiomyomas remains unknown. In this article a putative role of versican in uterine leiomyomas is discussed in association with cell proliferation and apoptosis.