Background: Uterine fibroids represent a rare cause of acute urinary retention (AUR) and most cases have been reported in pregnant women. Case: We report the case of a non-pregnant woman who presented with AUR due to a uterine fibroid. Conclusion: When evaluating patients who present with severe oliguria or anuria, it is important to rule out urinary tract obstruction. Early identification of reversible causes of acute oliguria and institution of appropriate therapy are crucial to prevent the development of protracted acute renal failure. Close collaboration between gynaecologists, urologists and radiological services is required to promptly diagnose and treat uterine fibroid-associated AUR, a rare but reversible cause of acute renal failure.