The aim of the study was to establish whether or not placental morphostructural damage correlates with umbilical artery Doppler waveform and neonatal condition. To this end, seriated ultrasonographic monitoring, flowmeter tests on the cord artery and computerized cardiotocography were carried out in a population of 93 pregnant women in the second half of pregnancy. After birth placentas were subjected to macroscopic and microscopic examination. The Resistance Index showed a good correlation with placental vascular lesions, characterized by a distinct reduction in terminal villi and muscular wall arterioles. Two types of intrauterine growth retardation were discernible, the first of genetic origin with a low-profile growth curve and therefore not amenable to treatment, but with a positive fet l-neonatal prognosis, and the second with a pathologic placental component, presenting a late flattening growth curve with evolution towards fetal distress and a negative fetal-neonatal prognosis.