It is widely recognized that endometrial carcinoma represents one of the most frequent types of pelvic malignancy in women. Recent improved knowledge about population at risk, the criteria of classification of endometrial hyperplasia, different potential for neoplastic transformation for each type of neoplasia, and asymptomatic latency of the pathology allow some considerations. Endometrial cytology is of basic importance in a mass screening programme due to its low cost, accuracy and feasibility. The combination of hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy is the diagnostic method of choice for symptomatic patients. It permits the elimination of curettage in the diagnostic management in over 95% of cases, with obvious advantages, better diagnostic accuracy and greater convenience for patients and doctors.